Different ways to compete in the soft drink business Case Study

Various approaches to contend in the soda pop business - Case Study Example Through the deals of web switches, the organization figured out how to raise high income of roughly ten billion dollars. Notwithstanding, this was finished in the year 2008 when the interest of items from the organization, for example, web equipment dropped. Now, the best move to be made by any supervisor who needs to spare the organization from falling is to make change on the field-tested strategy and techniques in order to fix the issue. John Chambers was exceptionally astute and enthusiastic about the issue; in the wake of understanding that the market of web switch couldn't raise the extraordinary benefits that were required to coordinate the principles of the organization, he set out on another field-tested strategy. The arrangement was to move in to exceptionally new markets and businesses. One of the systems was to grow in a fast manner from the product business and the center web equipment to the customer electronic industry. His initial step to actualize the arrangement was to connect with organizations that were at that point delivering items identified with the web. The CEO tried to get hold of the organizations that managed web data transfer capacity items in order to build the shopper request since this would result in to an appeal for the Cisco's items. Through John Chambers, Cisco made a declaration in the year 2009 that it would make an installment of $590 for buying unadulterated advanced for making video camcorders that are increasingly bright and are pocket measured. This further expanded the budgetary status of Cisco because of the way that more than 2,000,000 individuals could access and offer the video through the web (Jones and George, 263-264). On the off chance that I were the administrator of Cisco framework, I could have done likewise things he did or think of an arrangement with methodology for usage that would wind up in elite. It is constantly accepted that better plans consistently ponders a splendid future for the business and t hat absence of a strategy results in to waverings , mixed up business choices and bogus advances. Having this at the top of the priority list, I would make an arrangement for a decent number of reasons. It's significance is to provide the organization legitimate guidance for the correct reason since the arrangement contains the destinations that the association needs to accomplish and the systems to be utilized. I accept this would greatly affect the organization so that when the interest of the Internet s items gave by the Cisco Company goes down, at that point the techniques of the arrangement would help spare the organization from crumbling. This should be possible by connecting the organization to different enterprises that produce things that are equivalent to the ones created by Cisco to think of a superior supposition to help increment the buyer request (Covey, 162). The test of appropriate arranging and planning a legitimate methodology to execute it was very much overcomed by the CEO of Samsung hardware, Lee Kun. In the year 2000, the organization which was for the most part situated in Korea rose to be in the subsequent situation as far as benefit among the organizations in worldwide innovation coming soon after the Microsoft. There were systems and steps that were trailed by the association which empowered them to achieve their focused on objective. Under the direction of Lee Kun, Samsung gadgets created and constructed skills as the initial phase in the assembling of low-estimated items. The subsequent advance was to invested all the amounts of energy in the production of R&D. Toward the end, the association utilized those

Investigation of the relationship between gender and grades Essay

Examination of the connection among sexual orientation and grades - Essay Example The Study Background of the Study Boys and young ladies have been noted to perform diversely in various evaluations at schools. While a few specialists accept this is a direct result of the distinction in their perspectives, there are those that accept that there are different components contributing towards the distinction in execution. For example, we have a noteworthy contrast in grade level and sexual orientation in elementary schools and the understudy disposition towards logical and scientific subjects. Notwithstanding, this isn't the main case. This is on the grounds that in spite of the fact that understudy demeanor changes relying upon subjects and as their evaluation level ascents, capacities, and getting a handle on capacity likewise have an influence in controlling the manner in which understudies perform at the schools. In the contemporary society, contemplates have uncovered that the female understudies structure the biggest gathering of understudies going to class at a late age over all countries. In any case, while this is progressively pervasive at the more elevated levels of learning, the examinations likewise show that they are spoken to all over from basic to graduate school. Besides, even regardless of the way that they start their examinations at a late age, they are less spoken to in various degrees of study (Emslie, Hunt, and Macintyre, 1999). In further investigating on how female understudies perform El Rafei (2009) sees that these understudies are additionally kept separate from science and arithmetic subjects. In this way, he further goes to expound that if the pattern proceeds in the schools at the United States, the nation faces a capability of a genuine deficit in the quantity of female understudies undertaking fields in subjects, for example, science and arithmetic. On the side of these statements by El Rafei, Emslie, Hunt, and Macintyre (1999) clarify that the eventually, the female understudies probably won't be coming up short at more elevated levels of leraning because of their carelessness or absence of concetration. This is on the grounds that these understudies got a poor foundation in these subjects as they were experiencing their prepartion classes at the early rudimentary evaluation school. In this way, this subverted their prosperity rates at the secondary schools and universities. At last, they maintain a strategic distance from the subject fields and this influences their profession decisions throughout everyday life. In this manner, it is significant that all understudies, particularly the female understudies and the minority bunches get sufficient preparing and groundwork for their science and arithmetic subjects at a beginning time. This is on the grounds that sufficient readiness empowers them to create social and scholarly enthusiasm for the subjects. Besides, it additionally helps them to take part completely in their mechanical social orders as they look to add to the general public. Not withstanding, it isn't generally that female understudies get keen on considering sceince and mathemenatics subjects. Regardless, a fundamental comprehension of the understudies in these subjects is basic. In any case, this isn't with the goal that they settle on vocation decisions identified with the fields. This is on the grounds that it improves their capacity to think and settle on determined choices in their lives. Portrayal of the Study The goal of the examination is to explore grade level and sex and their relationship with the general execution of understudies at in secondary school. In any case, while all subjects were thought of, the primary zone of center was arithmetic and science subjects for understudies at the ninth and tenth grade. As the investigation started, various polls were controlled to more than 500 understudies in these two evaluations. For exhaustive examination, two

Blogger vs WordPress - Reasons Why You Must Choose Blogger

Blogger vs WordPress - Reasons Why You Must Choose Blogger Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now! Blogger vs WordPress Reasons Why You Must Choose Blogger Updated On 08/03/2016 Author : nuper17 Topic : Blogging Short URL : http://hbb.me/1gGHEdm CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlog Blogger over WordPress? Are you serious? This could be your initial reaction once you read the title of this article. But yes, I am serious and I can show you some valid reasons why you should build a blog with Blogger rather than in WordPress. Okay, let me clarify first that I am not saying that Blogger is totally better than WordPress because both platforms have its advantages and disadvantages. Since most people prefer the self-hosted WordPress platform because of its flexibility and security, it is better to understand first the important advantages of Blogger over WordPress that could help change your perspectives over the blogspot platform. Let me first start the most common criticism that Blogger gets from the public security. Yes, there are many blogspot blogs that are already defunct because the Blogger team deleted their accounts. The reason is spamming. One of the biggest case is Allan Liews moneymakerinfo.blogspot.com. Although this blog is still active, it was already   taken out in Googles index since last year. To those who are not familiar with this particular blog, it was the number 1 ranking site in the most competitive keyword in the online business industry make money online. There are thousands of blogspot blogs that are suspended and this highly discourages people to sign up with Blogger. Spamming is a very big issue in the Internet and Blogger is one of the strictest program when it comes to this matter. Since Blogger is a part of Google universe, it is just appropriate to make all their products of high standards all the time. In my opinion, there is nothing wrong in keeping your own backyard clean and less waste (spam). So let me give you the top reasons why you should prefer Blogger over WordPress. Search Engine Optimization If you ask 10 people about which blog platform performs better with regards to SEO, 9 out of 10 people would say WordPress. While this is true, Blogger is not really in a big disadvantage. First, Google does not rely heavily in meta tags and keywords anymore. Second, Google owns Blogger which makes it more easy to distinguish which side you should support. Will Google leave their Blogger program to be dumped by WordPress forever? Of course not, there will be more changes in the future especially if you are within Googles backyard. .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button .postImageUrl , .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { min-height: 86px; position: relative; } .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button:hover , .IRPP_button:visited , .IRPP_button:active { border:0!important; } .IRPP_button { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #3498DB; } .IRPP_button:active , .IRPP_button:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .IRPP_button .postImageUrl { background-position: center; background-size: cover; float: right; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 30%; } .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { float: left; width: 70%; padding:0; margin:0; } .IRPP_button .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: .125em; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .IRPP_button .postTitle { color: #ECF0F1; font-size: 16px; fon t-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button .ctaButton { background: #ECF0F1; color: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; margin: 18px 14px 18px 14px; moz-border-radius: 3px; padding: 12px 0; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; webkit-border-radius: 3px; width: 80px; position: absolute; } .IRPP_button:hover .ctaButton { background: #e6e6e6; } .IRPP_button .centered-text { display: table; height: 86px; padding:0; margin:0; padding-left: 108px!important; top: 0; } .IRPP_button .IRPP_button-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 10px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button:after { content: "; display: block; clear: both; } READDo you Know the Benefits of Being a Blogger?For your information, there are a lot of blogspot sites that tops in Google for various keywords. This includes my own blogspot blo g (a health niche) and of course Allan Liews previous ranking which were discussed earlier. So if you run a Blogger blog, never be concerned about SEO because you are in good hands. Free To Use Blogger is 100% free. Most Internet marketers suggests that you should start blogging with blogspot to familiarize yourself to various aspects like posting, widgets, applications, elements, feeds and many others. Once you learned a lot, you can switch to WordPress anytime through WordPress Import feature. If you think this way, you will not realize the importance of Blogger as a platform and it will just remain a training ground on your perspectives. As a free platform, Blogger is totally easy to use to all novice and first-time users. But unlike self-hosted WordPress, it highly requires technical knowledge with regards to hosting, servers and other tools, not to mention the expenditures that you will spend for each set-up. Make Money! Both Blogger and WordPress allows its user to insert monetization programs to earn money with their blogs. While WordPress have much more flexibility when it comes to advertising space, some Blogger themes are not lacking behind. Blogger templates are customizable where you can insert every ad sizes available. So when it comes to ad space, Blogger is not in a disadvantage. You can use Pay-per-click (PPC) programs (Adsense, Kontera, etc) and direct advertising to your blogspot blog. Adsense can even inserted straight from your Blogger elements for easy configuration. You can also insert some Blogger hacks to publish ads within individual posts, just like WordPress. With Blogger, you can definitely make money online! Based on these benefits, why choose WordPress if there is no such big difference? The only thing that you should care about is to abide all the rules and guidelines of Blogger to avoid deletion of your blog. Aside from that, Blogger can challenge WordPress in every department. So if your blog is in Blogger, I suggest that you support your platform all the way and promote it the way Internet marketers do. After all, blogging is all about sharing valuable content and building a community. So choose Blogger enjoy your blog to the fullest!

Discursive Practices and Gendered Reflections of Its Use

Introduction The following theoretical framework is divided in five sections. The first one deals with the background to the study where a classification of research studies is done in terms of the way that language and discourse have been researched. The second part reflects the issue of gender in applied linguistics. The third tackles some key conceptualizations of literacy in terms of the research study. The fourth aims to explain how writing is undertaken to fulfill a brief description of the basis that underlies the study. Within it, it is explained the write-to-learn perspective that is the scope of the investigation. Background to the study Bucholtz (2003) asserts that discourse is language in context. Discourse enables establishing the existing relationship between language and gender within a given context. Then, discourse becomes the materialization of such a relationship. That is why discourse analysis has become one of the most outstanding methodologies to unravel gender issues within the EFL classroom. The foci of these studies have been the way the discursive practices are used and what gendered reflections this use shows. Some of these studies stress discourse as an anthropological tradition (Bucholtz, 2003). This point of view highlights how language is used in the cultural practices of the human beings. It also cares for the existing differences between men and women; but most importantly the closed relationship between culture and language use ExplainShow MoreRelatedViolence Is The Single Most Visible Marker Of Manhood, By Michael S. Kimmel1607 Words   |  7 Pageswith women† (37). With these points in mind, we can read men who sexually harass women online as working to assert their power as men. 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UWE makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights. UWE accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material fromRead MoreA Study of Gender Equality at a Workplace in Singapore15000 Words   |  60 Pagesof every member by accepting the differences (Maas Torres-Gonzà ¡lez, 2011; Lyon, et al., 2010; Cech Blair-Loy, 2010; Goldman, et al., 2006; Jiang, et al., 2011; Dorius Firebaugh, 2010). The diversity management in organizations include the practices assuring equal chances while focusing on equality by difference as compared to similar factors favoring the enhancement of differences between individuals while providing different benefits for organizations. It is revealed that the demographic changesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesresearched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing andRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Ethical Theories and Convenience Euthanasia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1415 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/02/06 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Euthanasia Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Convenience Euthanasia is very common in the veterinary field. As an undergraduate student in an animal science/pre-veterinarian major and a person who volunteered for several years in different animal hospitals, I have witnessed several pet owners desiring convenience euthanasia. A main topic of discussion is the ethical and moral views behind the acts of convenience euthanasia. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethical Theories and Convenience Euthanasia" essay for you Create order Convenience Euthanasia is defined as the â€Å"†¦euthanasia of a physically and psychologically healthy animal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Rathwell-Deault, Godard, Frank, Doize, 2017) yet convenience euthanasia is not only used with healthy animals. Convenience Euthanasia can be used when an owner is not willing to pay for the pet’s treatment, wants to put pet down because owner cannot take care of the pet, or owner cannot afford the pet’s treatment. There are so many reasons to why convenience Euthanasia is a dilemma, no one enjoys feeling rejected and not wanted, so why would we not expect pets to feel the same way. It is sad that one could desire to put their pet down just because they cannot take care of them while someone else would love to take care of them. Moreover, veterinarians should still respect owner’s desires. Now that we have a better understanding of what is the dilemma, I will be discussing Kantian Ethics, Virtue Ethics, and Consequentialism to the topic of Convenience Euthanasia to better understand if this method of practice is ethical and justified. Kantian Ethics Kantian Ethics is the ethical idea that our actions must be justified and no matter how much personal gain an action brings, they are wrong if these actions are unfair or unjust (Shafer-Landau, 2018, p.159). When we apply Kantian ethics to Convenience Euthanasia, Convenience Euthanasia seems to be moral, ethical, and a justified option. If we imagine a scenario where an owner comes in with their sick pet and has a hard time paying for a doctor’s exam in the first place. The veterinarian notices a pet’s stomach is bloated and requires an x-ray. The owner says they do not want to pay for an x-ray and they are just here to know why has their pet’s stomach has been bloated for the past months. From the owners’ perspective, they want to know the issue without having to pay more money. From the veterinarian’s perspective, they cannot identify what is the exact issue without an x-ray. If we assume from the kindness of the veterinarian’s heart the ow ner gets a discounted x-ray on their pet. Now that the veterinarian knows the exact issue, it turns out that there might be a big problem or a tumor that would require lab work and more expensive medical practices. Since the owners were not willing to pay for the simple examination it is obvious they will not be willing to pay for the expenses of the medical procedure for the pet. Moreover, the owner does not want to pay for the expenses for their pet’s survival because they have more important expenses to pay for themselves. Therefore, the owner requests Euthanasia. Even though, the veterinarian might not think this is the best option but she/he must respect the owner’s desires. Kantian Ethics cannot take into account personal emotions because emotions can blur an individual’s ability to make justified and fair actions (Carter, 2017). Kantian ethics says that the veterinarian has to do its duty and be just to what her owner requested. Virtue Ethics Virtue Ethics is the idea that we focus less on moral duty and concentrate on ideals of character (Shafer-Landau, 2018, p.254). As humans, we should have the capability of making the good right decision and act accordingly to what is justified. This theory â€Å"focuses attention on virtue as a property of character.† (Bright, Winn, Kanov, 2014). The owners of this pet may see that euthanizing their pet is the right thing to do because it solves their problems and they expect the veterinarian to follow through with their requests. As a result of virtue ethics, they assume the veterinarian to think that euthanasia is also the right thing to do and expect the veterinarian to do so. In this situation, most veterinarians would recommend any alternatives other than Euthanasia because there are other solutions. A good veterinarian would suggest giving their pet to a shelter, or a loving home, or to any system that would be able to handle the expenses of the pet and give it the care it deserves. Especially that the pet’s issue is curable the veterinarian would not recommend Euthanasia. A requirement of Virtue Ethics in the medical field is â€Å"†¦avoiding temptations to dismiss moral distress†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (McCammon Brody, 2012). How a veterinarian is capable of handling moral distress or making the decision to use convenience euthanasia in any case depends on their individual character. Some veterinarians would rather obey the commands of the owner than deal with the moral stress of determining if convenience euthanasia is an ethical option. Owners whom do not care enough will see that convenience euthanasia is the answer to their problems but any ordinary veterinarian understands that convenience euthanasia is not the right thing to do and will direct owners to other alterna tives. Consequentialism Consequentialism forces individuals to focus on the future or the end results and allows individuals to make any necessary actions to reach the best end result (Shafer-Landau, 2018, p.120). The best end result for the owner is to just get rid of their problem so they don’t have to deal with it. if the veterinarian decides to euthanize the pet for the owner’s demands then The veterinarian would have to face the consequences of not listening to what He/She thinks is the right thing for the pet nor what is ethical and moral according to the veterinarian’s point of view. On the other hand, if the veterinarian does not euthanize the pet according to what was agreed with the owner then the consequences on the veterinarian would be cheating on the owner and not following the law. If the veterinary has a consequentialist point of view, they have to agree with owners request and euthanize the dog since it will yield the best results. Consequentialism requires the veterinarian to euthanize the puppy because they have a moral obligation to do something if they are capable of doing it because if they ought to do what will have the best consequences, they can do it (Andri?, 2016). Even though it seems unfair and unjust to put the pet down because its owner does not want to take care of their expenses, consequentialism allows them to do so because it will bring the best results in the end. Conclusion Veterinarians are put under ethical stress to determine what is the right decision to make when it comes to Convenience Euthanasia. The final decisions that the veterinarian makes is based off of their understanding of ethical theories. Kantian Ethics claims that convenience euthanasia is the right thing to do, Virtue Ethics portrays that the decision of convenience euthanasia depends on personal character, and Consequentialism expresses convenience euthanasia as the best option that will give the best results. There are several other options to convenience euthanasia such as simply giving the animal to a shelter, but several owners are uneducated and are not aware of these options. Some veterinarians may not want to deal with the stress of making the decision themselves and make the owners happy, but Veterinarians have the duty to keep animals alive for as long as humanely possible. If the owners cannot pay for medical care, the veterinarian is responsible for directing the owners t o other options if the dog is not terminally ill and dying. If the owner is willing to give the dog to a shelter or to another family that can afford medical care, it is a much better option than convenience euthanasia. References Andri?, V. (2016). Is Objective Consequentialism Compatible with the Principle that â€Å"Ought† Implies â€Å"Can†? Philosophia 44(1), 63-77. Bright, D., Winn, S., Kanov, B. (2014). Reconsidering Virtue: Differences of Perspective in Virtue Ethics and the Positive Social Sciences. Journal of Business Ethics, 119(4), 445-460. Carter, S. (2017). A Kantian ethics approach to moral bioenhancement. Bioethics, 31(9), 683 690. McCammon, S., Brody, D. (2012). How Virtue Ethics Informs Medical Professionalism. HEC Forum, 24(4), 257-272. Rathwell-Deault, D., Godard, B., Frank, D., Doize, D. (2017). Expected consequences of convenience euthanasia perceived by veterinarians in Quebec. Canadian Veterinary Journal-Revue Veterinaire Canadienne, 58(7), 723-728. Shafer-Landau, R. (2018). The Fundamentals of Ethics (3th ed.) New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.

Shakespeare School Room Essay - 728 Words

A Review of Shakespeare’s School Room Shakespeares Schoolroom, by Lynn Enterline, explores, ana-lyzes, and discusses the methods used in schools during Shake-speares time; these schools created the learning environment that shaped The Bard’s character and therefore his work. The major focus on Latin studies and translation resulted in the ap-pearance of the ancient Roman culture and mythology themes in many of Shakespeare’s poems and plays. This review explains the origins of specific works by describing particular teaching tac-tics present in Shakespeare’s time. We learn how these teaching methods, combined with the social expectations of young English boys, influenced both their behavior and their moral beliefs . This†¦show more content†¦Venus’ relentless pursuit of the beautiful youth (Adonis), represents some of the most disturbing aspects of the relationship between adolescent boys and their schoolmasters . When Adonis resists Venus’s advances, claiming t hat he is too young to be physically involved with a woman, she responds by insisting that it is her duty to in-struct him in this part of life. Publicly spanking boys who misbehaved or did not complete their lessons properly was commonplace in Shakespeare’s era; of-ten teachers found it necessary to beat the lesson into the boys. Unfortunately, years later, psychologists concluded that it was actually a sexual fetish for many of the teachers. This influ-ence carried with the future teachers who, unaware of their sub-conscious drive, often inflicted the same punishments on their students. Venus and Adonis’ story ends with Adonis’ accidental death when Venus sends a boar to snuggle up to Adonis and one of the boar’s tusks impales his groin. This manslaugh-ter through an act of passion symbolizes how adult desires can destroy innocence. In chapters four and five, we examine how teachers ex-posed school boys to literature , mainly ancient Roman. W e see how teachers taugh t children to not only read but to im-merse themselves in each character, including female charac-ters. This method of English training helped boys become strong actors in any role, and opened their minds toShow MoreRelatedA Room Of Ones Own Analysis1403 Words   |  6 Pagesits stability. Virginia Woolf’s essay A Room of One’s Own challenges gender identity by examining women’s rights and equality. Gender identity is an important topic in this essay; as Virginia Woolf uses real events and fabricated stories to uncover its inequality. Woolf’s use of narrative in the essay is unique as it uses stories to demonstrate the argument, this is because one may be turned off by only words and need something more real to comprehend. The essay A Room of One’s Own demonstrates theRead MoreWhat Kind Of Life Would Have Judith Lead?1094 Words   |  5 PagesIs it because women do not have the ability to be or raw talent great writers? Woolf’s essay examines the life of William Shakespeare’s sister to answer this question: What kind of life would have Judith lead? Judith is a fictional character created from Virginia Woolf’s imagination. The character that Woolf creates is used to compare the life of Shakespeare with Judith. William Shakespeare attended grammar school where he learned Latin, elements of grammar and logic. William was a wild child. LaterRead MoreEssay about Educational Technology Autobiography1552 Words   |  7 Pagesbased off of the books we were reading. During my last two years of elementary school, I became familiar with the use of overheads, televisions, calculators, and computers, for educational technological purposes. Each summer, while I was in Elementary School, my mother made me practice typing, where I became very familiar with a (hateful) program called Mavis Beacon. Moreover, during the summer before I entered Middle School I opted to take a Summer Camp on computers, where I learned to send messagesRead MoreAnalysis of Gerald Graff’s Essay â€Å"Hidden Intelligence†701 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Gerald Graff’s Essay â€Å"Hidden Intelligence† Most people, when asked, say that a person is intelligent if they have â€Å"book smarts.† People that are book smart can write and converse about subjects taught in school. On the other hand, people with â€Å"street smarts† aren’t seen as intellectuals because the subjects they are knowledgeable about are not traditional. In his essay called â€Å"Hidden Intellectualism,† Gerald Graff insists that schools and colleges are missing an opportunity to translateRead MorePedagogy of Project Based Learning Essay873 Words   |  4 Pages English class was unbeneficial. I am aware that without those credits, writing this essay would be the end of me. Lectures and the absence of imagination have their place in curriculum. What I am saying is that I can recall working in my wood shop class ten times over recalling what X is equal to. I believe that form of educational model is simply inadequate when it comes to providing high school students with the challenges, methods, exercises and approaches that can help them useRead MoreEssay The Ghost Of Hamlet’s Father1607 Words   |  7 PagesFather  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   What would Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, be like without the character of the Ghost? The drama simply wouldn’t BE! The Ghost, though not a human character in most senses of the word, is crucial for the development of the play. This essay will analyze this interesting character.    The ghost’s apparition has deep significance. It touches the very spiritual underpinnings of the Denmark state. Frank Kermode in â€Å"Hamlet† explores the spiritual dimension of this spectral visit: Read MoreReview of Virginia Woolfs Shakespeares Sister3106 Words   |  13 PagesUniversity of Cape Coast Department of English INTRODUCTION Virginia Woolf’s ‘Shakespeare’ Sister’ is the third chapter from her literary essay A Room of One’s Own. In this chapter, which is the essay on Shakespeare’s Sister, she considers the question of why no women writers are represented in the canon of Elizabethan drama. 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E Learning Activities of Business Aspects

Question: Discuss about the E Learning Activities of Business Aspects. Answer: Introduction: The e learning activities is about Strategy and it discusses the aspects of Business Strategy. The video lays out sketches to clearly define business strategy. It emphasises that strategy of a business organization is often wrongly defined by managers and they define their goals and objectives as a strategy. For example it is very common for managers to say that their organizations strategy is to provide unique value to customers, bring small units of firms under acquisition and provide competitive pricing. All of these are not strategy but they are rather goals, objectives or vision(Phillips, 2014). Strategy is lay out of a plan which would be taken throughout the process to accomplish those goals and objectives. To clearly define strategy it has been compared to wars in the past and a general of an army has been compared to an executive of a company. An executive of a business has to lay out a plan involving tasks and activities to accomplish stated goals and objectives in an exact ly similar way as the generals from the past history laid out a plan to win a war which was mostly about how to organize troops to attack and win a war. Strategy in a business dimension is consideration of four important factors. Where should an organization compete or conduct business, what unique value should the organization bring so that consumers chooses its product or services, what resources should the organization utilize and how not to let the value become universal. A clear strategy answers these four questions(Verbeke, 2013). Paragraph 2: apply those ideas to your own experience, to an organisation you know and to the topic(s) of this subject - identify an organisation which would benefit from the application of these ideas and explain how the ideas should be applied The strategy of Samsung to remain ahead of other android phone companies and present itself as a direct rival of Apple smart phones is worth looking into. Samsung Electronics manufactures wide variety and range of android smart phones ranging from a price range of $100 to $1150 for consumers all over the world. Samsung has a business strategy that makes it the most sought android smart phone companies all over the world. It provides features which are appealing in the eyes of consumers and keeps manufacturing variety of exquisite model of smart phones to remain ahead of other android smart phone companies. The models of Samsung phones are updated on a regular basis and they prepare variety of new models. Some of the models are for middle range customers and some of them are for high range customers. The models which are prepared for high range customers provide features similar to Apple smart phones which make it direct rivals of Apple smart phones(Lee, 2016). This strategy of Samsun g has enabled it to cover large area of market and make its phone accessible to every level of consumers. Samsung also has developed an advantage in the display section by investing heavily on Research and Development which are very difficult to replicate and this advantage in gives it a sophisticated advantage over other phones (Heo, 2015). Business innovation is the key to survival and growth of any business across the globe. In the past there have been many companies who were doing very well at one time but faltered badly later to get wiped out or segregate to a mere existence. Nokia for instance is an example which was once doing very well and was ahead of any other cell phone manufacturing company. But the company remained too busy on serving its customer of that time and did not rightly forecast the change that was coming in the cell phone industry. Nokia did not forecast correctly the dynamic changes that were coming in the cell phone industry and so it was not concerned to innovate their business model and when the changes suddenly took place it suddenly got lost. Every business must keep innovating from time to time and should come up with business model innovation to maintain competitive edge(Zott, 2012). Since the dynamics of every industry changes rapidly over time every company should innovate on their busin ess model and innovation in business model is not only creating new cutting edge technologies or an idea not adopted by anybody in the past. For successful business model innovation, it is essential for a company to find out who is their target customer, what do they provide to their customer, what value do they create, and how do they create that value. Successful business model innovations revolutionize at least two of these aspects. For successful innovation it is not always necessary to have new unique ideas and technologies. Innovation can also be an integration of several ideas taken together to develop a business idea as a whole to suit the changing business dynamics. For successful business innovation a firm or a business needs to follow the four steps of initiation, ideation, integration and implementation. Initiation stage is identifying a firms needs centred on customers. Ideation is about exploring various method of innovation, integration is integrating ideas to form a new business innovation model and implementation is all about implementing those ideas(Stahler, 2016). Paragraph 2: apply those ideas to your own experience, to an organisation you know and to the topic(s) of this subject - identify an organisation which would benefit from the application of these ideas and explain how the ideas should be applied Orkut, a popular social media site model had to be shut down and many of its loyal users were actually disappointed. Orkut had to be shut down as it was not able to sustain its initial popularity after Facebook came into the scene with innovative features(Alina Lewis, 2014). Now Orkut has launched itself again with new name Hello and it is already available to customers of U.K, USA and some European countries. Hello has a vision of creating impacts among social media users and aims to penetrate social media market all over the world. Hello can bring about some innovations to get ahead of Facebook and launch its new social media version in a completely different avatar. Many Facebook users complain that they are sometimes unnecessary involved in a dual or fight over an issue and ends up getting isolated in the media which brings lots of humiliation and they avoid Facebook. Hello can bring about some new models to create love and relationship among people by strict moderation of commen ts fanning hatred and bigotry with strict no to any controversial posts(Dux, 2014). For this Hello needs to moderate comments and photos effectively so that no controversial posts are updated by users (Mehta, 2016). References Amit, R.H. and Zott, C. (no date) Business model innovation: Creating value in times of change,SSRN Electronic Journal, . doi: 10.2139/ssrn.1701660. Dux, M. (2014)Racist posts on Facebook - how should you respond?Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/racist-posts-on-facebook--how-should-you-respond-20141109-11ii2o.html (Accessed: 23 August 2016). GmbH, fluidminds and Sthler, P. (2016)Top posts pages. Available at: https://blog.business-model-innovation.com/ (Accessed: 23 August 2016). Heo, J. (2015) bloomeberg,Eurasian Journal of Business and Management, 3(4), pp. 112. Higgins, D., Omer, T.C. and Phillips, J.D. (2014) The influence of a firms business strategy on its tax aggressiveness,Contemporary Accounting Research, 32(2), pp. 674702. doi: 10.1111/1911-3846.12087. Lee, J. (2016)The Apple-Samsung rivalry, in Three simple charts. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-07/the-apple-samsung-rivalry-in-three-simple-charts (Accessed: 23 August 2016). Lewis, A. (2014)Orkut. Available at: https://41-49.'' (Accessed: 23 August 2016). Mehta, I. (2016)Hello starts where Orkut left: Orkut Bykkkten. Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/08/18/hello-starts-where-orkut-left-orkut-buyukkokten/ (Accessed: 23 August 2016).

Business Ethics free essay sample

Disclosure the fcpa requires corporations to fully disclose any and all transactions conducted with foreign officials and politicians Prohibition the fcpa incorporated the wording of the bank secrecy act and the mail fraud act to prohibit the movement of funds overseas for the express purpose of conducting a fraudulent scheme -facilitation payments-payments that are acceptable (legal) provided they expedite or secure the performance of a routine governmental action -routine governmental action- any regular administrative process or procedure, excluding any action taken by a foreign official in the decision to award new or continuing business What is a routine governmental action? see above definition but examples are: providing permits, licenses, or other official documents to qualify a person to do business in a foreign country -processing governmental papers such as visas and work orders -providing police protection, mail pickup and delivery, or scheduling inspections associated w ith contract performance or inspections related to transit of goods across a country Providing phone service, power, and water supply; loading and unloading cargo; or protecting perishable products or commodities from deterioration -performing actions of a similar nature The key distinction in identifying bribes was the exclusion of any action taken by a foreign official in the decision to award new or continuing business. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such decisions being the primary target of most questionable payments were not deemed to be routine governmental action How many principles are in the Defense Industry Initiative, what are they? 6 * Each company will have and adhere to a written code of business ethics and conduct * The company’s code will establish the high values expected of its employees and the standards by which they must judge their own conduct nd that of their organization; each company will train its employees concerning their personal responsibilities under the code * Each company will create a free and open atmosphere that allows and encourages employees to report violations of its code to the company without fear of retribution for such reporting * Each company will have the obligation to self-govern by monitoring compliance with federal procurement laws and adopting procedures for voluntary disclosure of violations of federal procurement laws and corrective actions taken * Each company will have the responsibility to each of the other companies in the industry to live by standards of conduct that preserve the integrity of the defense industry * Each company must have public accountability for its commitment to these principles What are the most important regulations covered under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations? Federal sentencing guidelines for organizations hold business liable for the criminal acts of their employees and agents, important regs are the culpability score meaning the calculation of a degree of blame or guilt that is used as a multiplier of up to four times the base fine. The culpability score can be adjusted according to aggravating or mitigating factors Aggravating factors- -high-level personnel were involved in or tolerated the criminal activity -the organization willfully obstructed justice -the organization had a prior history of similar misconduct the current offense violated a judicial order, injunction or con dition of probation Mitigating factors; -the organization had an effective program to prevent and detect violations of law -the organization self-reported the offense to appropriate governmental authorities, fully cooperated in the investigation, and accepted responsibility for the criminal conduct , second reg- death penalty-where the fine is set high enough to match all the organization’s assets-and basically put the organization out of business. This warranted where the organization was operating primarily for a criminal purpose What are the most important regulations covered under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, what is title IX? arbanes-oxley act is a legislative response to the corporate accounting scandals of the early 2000s that covers the financial management of business. I still need to put the most important regulations, Creates more penalties for White collar crimes. It makes each member of the Management Team sign the financial statement and they are now responsible for anything on those statements. -It creates an oversight board for Accounting Firms. title IX is white-collar crime penalty enhancements -provides that any person who attempts to commit white-collar crimes will be treated under the law as if the person had committed the crime -requires CEOs and CFOs to certify their periodic reports and imposes penalties for certifying a misleading or fraudulent report. What is an internal whistle blower what is an external whistle blower? -Internal is when an employee discovers corporate misconduct and brings it to the attention of their supervisor who then follows established procedures to address the misconduct within the organization -external is when an employee discovers corporate misconduct and chooses to bring it to the attention of law-enforcement agencies and/or the media When is it unethical to blow the whistle? * That the employee is motivated by the opportunity for financial gain or media attention * -employee is carrying out an individual vendetta against the company What are the most important regulations addressed by the whistleblower act of 1989? imposed specific performance deadlines in processing whistleblower complaints -guaranteed the anonymity of the whistle-blower -required prompt payment of any portion of the settlement to which the whistle-blower would be entitled -employees who prevail were entitled to damages which may inc lude: -reinstatement to the same seniority status that the employee would have had but for the adverse employment action -back pay -interest -all compensatory damages to make the employee whole -special damages including litigation costs, reasonable attorney fees and costs, experts witness fess, and all relief necessary to make the employee whole Ch. 8 What is an intranet and what is an extranet? Intranet – a company’s internal web site containing information for employees only -Extranet- a private piece of a company’s internet network that is made available to customers and/or vendor partners on the basis of secured access by unique password What is telecommuting? -the ability to work outside of your office (from your home or anywhere else) and log in to your company network (usually via a secure gateway such as a VPN, virtual private network) What is Packet-sniffing? -a software that can intercept, analyze, and archive all communications on a network, including employee email, chat sessions, file sharing, and internet browsing. Employees who use the workplace network to access personal email accounts are not provided by the company are not protected. Their private accounts, as long as they are accessed on workplace network or phone lines can be monitored What is a smart ID card? -Can track an employee’s location while they are on the move through the workplace Ch 9 What are developed nations, what are less developed nations? -Developed nations is a country that enjoys a high standard of living as measured by economic, social, and technological criteria -Less-developed is a country that lacks the economic, social, and technological infrastructure of a developed nation What is a conglomerate versus a multinational corporation (MNC) -Conglomerate- -multinational corporation is a company that provides and sells products and services across multiple national borders What is the Global Code of ethics? a general standard of business practice that can be applied equally to all countries over and above their local customs and social norms What is addressed by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act? What is the Global Compact? -a volunta ry corporate citizenship initiative endorsing 10 key principles that focus on four key areas of concern: the environment, anticorruption, the welfare of workers around the world, and global human rights Who are the OECD and what are some of the guidelines? Guidelines that promote principles and standards of behavior in the following areas: human rights, information disclosure, anticorruption, taxation, labor relations, environment, competition, and consumer protection; a governmental initiative endorsed by 30 members Back to Chapter 1 What is the Golden Rule? Do unto others as you would have them do unto you What is Utilitarianism? Ethical choices that offer the greatest good for the greatest number of people to help people (Scottish philosopher David Hume) What is Universal Ethics? Actions that are taken out of duty and obligation you a purely moral idea rather than based on the needs of the situation since the universal principles are seen to apply to everyone everywhere all the time (German philosopher Immanuel Kant) no idea needed What is Ethical Relativism? Gray area in which your ethical principles are defined by the traditions of your society, your personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment Business Ethics free essay sample Versions of the first principle, sometimes called eco- efficiency, have long been a part of the environmental movement. Doing more with less has been an environmental guideline for decades. | Question 2| | 0. 5 / 0. 5 points| According to model of the economy (or Economic System) as a subset of the biosphere (or Ecosystem), we recognize that neither matter nor energy can truly be created, it can only be transferred from one form to another. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This conservation of matter/energy is consistent with the: Question options: | first law of thermodynamics. | | second law of thermodynamics. | third law of thermodynamics. | | fourth law of thermodynamics. | Hide Feedback| | | The model of the economy (or Economic System) as a subset of the biosphere (or Ecosystem) differs from the circular flow model is several ways. From the first law of thermodynamics (the conservation of matter/energy), we recognize that neither matter nor energy can truly be created, it can only be transferred from one form to another. | Question 3| | 0. 5 / 0. 5 points| Identify the responsibility which holds that a business should be responsible for incorporating the end results of its products back into the productive cycle. Question options: | Backcasting| | Cradle-to-cradle| | Take-make-waste| | Cradle-to-grave| Hide Feedback| | | Cradle-to-cradle responsibility holds that a business should be responsible for incorporating the end results of its products back into the productive cycle. | Question 4| | 0. 5 / 0. 5 points| Identify the correct statement about the Brundtland Commission. Question options: | The United Nations World Commission on Trading and Development (WCTD) is commonly known as the Brundtland Commission, named after the place in Norway where the summit was held. | It was charged with developing recommendations for paths towards economic and social development that would not achieve economic growth at the expense of underdeveloped and developing countries. | | It offered what has become the standard definition of sustainable development. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs . | | It led to trading agreements like NAFTA, CAFTA, and the EU. | Hide Feedback| | | The Brundtland Commission offered what has become the standard definition of sustainable development. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. | Question 5| | 0. 5 / 0. 5 points| The evolution of business strategy towards biomimicry can be understood along a continuum. The earliest phase has been described as _____, where business takes resources, makes products out of them, and discards whatever is left over. Question options: | cradle-to-grave| | take-make-waste| | cradle-to-cradle| | eco-efficiency| Hide Feedback| | | The evolution of business strategy towards biomimicry can be understood along a continuum. The earliest phase has been described as take-make-waste. Business takes resources, makes products out of them, and discards whatever is left over. | Question 6| | 0. 5 / 0. 5 points| According to economist Herman Daly, the emphasis of economic growth as the goal of economic policy will inevitably fail unless it is realized that: Question options: | the population of the world needs to be controlled. | | the economy is a subsystem within earths biosphere. | | resources are infinite. | | efficient markets need to be stabilized to ensure higher economic returns. | Hide Feedback| | Daly argues that neoclassical economics, with its emphasis on economic growth as the goal of economic policy, will inevitably fail to meet these challenges unless it recognizes that the economy is but a subsystem within earths biosphere. | Question 7| | 0. 5 / 0. 5 points| Which of the following statements is not a problem faced by the regulatory approach to environmental challenges? Question options: | It u nderestimates the influence that business can have in establishing the law. | | This approach underestimates the ability of business to influence consumer choice. | It established standards that effectively shifted the burden from those threatened with harm to those who would cause the harm. | | If we rely on the law to protect the environment, environmental protection will extend only as far as the law extends. | Hide Feedback| | | The environmental regulation enacted during the 1970s established standards that effectively shifted the burden from those threatened with harm to those who would cause the harm. This is not a problem associated with the regulatory approach but one of the changes that occurred after it was enacted. | Question 8| | 0. 5 / 0. 5 points| According to model of the economy (or Economic System) as a subset of the biosphere (or Ecosystem), entropy increased within a closed space (the second law of thermodynamics) implies that: Question options: | the amount of re-usable products decreases with increase in production. | | the economy exists within a finite biosphere. | | wastes are not produced at each stage of economic activity. | | the amount of usable energy decreases over time. | Hide Feedback| | | The model of the economy (or Economic System) as a subset of the biosphere (or Ecosystem) differs from the circular flow model is several ways. Energy is lost at every stage of economic activity. Consistent with the second law of thermodynamics (entropy increased within a closed system), the amount of usable energy decreases over time. | Question 9| | 0 / 0. 5 points| The approach that at least some animals have the cognitive capacity to possess a conscious life of their own is akin to the _____ ethical framework, which asserts that we have a duty not to treat these animals as mere objects and means to our own ends. Question options: | Kantian| | virtue ethic| | utilitarian| | social web| Hide Feedback| | | The first approach emphasizes the fact that many animals, presumably all animals with a central nervous system, have the capacity to feel pain. Reminiscent of the utilitarian tradition, this view asserts an ethical responsibility to minimize pain. | Question 10| | 0. 5 / 0. 5 points| Internalizing external costs and assigning property rights to unowned goods such as wild species are two responses to market failures by defenders of a narrow economic view of corporate social responsibility. These ad hoc attempts to repair market failures are environmentally inadequate because of the: Question options: | bastcasting problem. | fungibility problem. | | biomimicry problem. | | first-generation problem. | Hide Feedback| | | Internalizing external costs and assigning property rights to unowned goods such as wild species are two responses to market failures. But there are good reasons for thinking that such ad hoc attempts to repair market failures are environmentally inadequate. One importa nt reason is what has been called the first-generation problem. | Ch9| Question 1| | 0 / 1 point| The approach that animals with a central nervous system feel pain is akin to the _____ ethical framework, which asserts an ethical responsibility to minimize pain. Question options: | Kantian| | virtue ethic| | utilitarian| | deontological| Hide Feedback| | | The first approach emphasizes the fact that many animals, presumably all animals with a central nervous system, have the capacity to feel pain. Reminiscent of the utilitarian tradition, this view asserts an ethical responsibility to minimize pain. | Question 2| | 1 / 1 point| In economic terms, all resources are infinite because: Question options: | they are ‘fungible. | | governmental regulations ensure that resources are distributed fairly. | | the advent of technology ensures that all resources are recyclable. | efficient markets will distribute resources efficiently. | Hide Feedback| | | From a strict market economic perspective, resources are infinite. As the supply of any resources decreases, the price increases, thereby providing a strong incentive to supply more or provide a less costly substitute. In economic terms, all resources are fungible. They can be replaced by subst itutes, and in this sense resources are infinite. | Question 3| | 1 / 1 point| Identify the correct statement about the circular flow model. Question options: | It differentiates natural resources from the other factors of production. | It explains the origin of resources. | | It treats economic growth as both the solution to all social ills and also as boundless. | | It holds that resources are finite. | Hide Feedback| | | An observation of the circular flow model is that it treats economic growth as both the solution to all social ills and also as boundless. | Question 4| | 1 / 1 point| The _____ explains the nature of economic transactions in the terms of a flow of resources from businesses to households and back again. Question options: | circular flow model| | three pillars of sustainability| triple bottom line approach| | bilinear model| Hide Feedback| | | What is sometimes called the circular flow model explains the nature of economic transactions in terms of a flow of resou rces from businesses to households and back again. | Question 5| | 0 / 1 point| According to economist Herman Daly, over the long term, resources and energy cannot be used, nor waste produced, at rates which the biosphere cannot replace or absorb them without harming its ability to sustain life. These are what Daly calls the: Question options: | economic limitations. | | the backcasting effect. | | biophysical limits to growth. | | un-expendable boundaries. | Hide Feedback| | | Over the long term, resources and energy cannot be used, nor waste produced, at rates at which the biosphere cannot replace or absorb them without jeopardizing its ability to sustain (human) life. These are what Daly calls the biophysical limits to growth. | Question 6| | 1 / 1 point| What do you understand by the statement all resources are fungible? Question options: | They can be regulated and controlled by the government. | | They can be replaced by substitutes. | They cannot be duplicated. | | They can be recycled. | Hide Feedback| | | In economic terms, all resources are fungible. They can be replaced by substitutes, and in this sense resources are infinite. | Question 7| | 1 / 1 point| The Triple Bottom Line approach involves the measurement of business success of sustainable businesses and sustainable economic development in terms of three factors. Identify them. Question options: | Economic, legal, and environmental sustainability| | Economic, ethical, and environmental sustainability| | Economic, legal, and competitive sustainability| Legal, competitive, and environmental sustainability| Hide Feedback| | | Sustainable business and sustainable economic development seek to create new ways of doing business in which business success is measured in terms of economic, ethical, and environmental sustainability, often called the Triple Bottom Line approach. | Question 8| | 1 / 1 point| Which of the following statements is true about the circular flow model? Question options: | The economy need not grow to keep up with population growth. | | The possibility that the economy cannot grow indefinitely is not part of this model. | The economy need not grow to provide for a higher standard of living. | | The economy cannot grow indefinitely. | Hide Feedback| | | An observation about the circular flow model is that it treats economic growth as both the solution to all social ills and also as boundless. To keep up with population growth, the economy must grow. To provide for a higher standard of living, the economy must grow. To alleviate poverty, hunger, and disease, the economy must grow. The possibility that the economy cannot grow indefinitely is simply not part of this model. | Question 9| | 1 / 1 point| A market-based approach to resolving environmental challenges is reminiscent of the _____ view of CSR. Question options: | philanthropic| | economic| | social web| | integrative| Hide Feedback| | | A market-based approach to resolving environmental challenges is reminiscent of the narrow, economic view of CSR. | Question 10| | 1 / 1 point| The three goals of sustainable development that include economic, environmental, and ethical sustainability are referred to as the: Question options: | Tripartite Goals. | | three pillars of sustainability. | | Three Pronged charter. | | shoulders of sustainability. | Hide Feedback| Business Ethics free essay sample Consider the functional departments reviewed in chapter 3. Which department do you think faces the greatest number of ethical challenges? Why? I think human resource department faces the maximum number of ethical challenges. The human resources function within an organization should ideally be directly involved in the relationship between the company and the employee throughout that employee’s contract with the company. Each of these activities demands transparency and very challenging from an ethical perspective. The creation of the job description for the position. The recruitment and selection of the right candidate for the position. The orientation of the newly hired employee. The efficient management of payroll and benefits for the (hopefully) happy and Productive employee. The documentation of periodic performance reviews. The documentation of disciplinary behavior and remedial training, if needed. The creation of a career development program for the employee. HR department should coordinate final paperwork and should host an exit interview to ensure that anything the organization can learn from the departure is fed back into the company’s strategic plan. We will write a custom essay sample on Business ethics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If the right people are hired in the first place, it is believed, many other problems are avoided down the road. Many advocates of ethical business conduct argue that HR should be at the center of any corporate code of ethics – not as the sole creator of the code, since it is a document that should represent the entire organization HR professionals must help ensure that ethics is a top organizational priority. HR must ensure that the leadership selection and development processes include an ethics component. HR is responsible for ensuring that the right programs and policies are in place. HR must stay abreast of ethics issues The finance function of an organization can be divided into three distinct areas: financial transactions, the accounting function, and the auditing function. Financial transactions – the process by which the flow of money through an organization is handled. Accounting function – keeps track of all the company’s financial transactions by documenting the money coming in and money going out and balancing the accounts at the end of the period. Auditing function – the certification of an organization’s financial statements, or â€Å"books† as being accurate by an impartial third-party professional. Existing and potential investors will make the decision to invest in the shares of an organization. 2. Provide three examples of unethical behavior that you have observed at the company you work or (or worked for in the past). What were the outcomes of this behavior? Deliberate Deception: I have seen following types: taking credit for work done by someone else, calling in sick in order to go to the beach, sabotaging the work of another person. This can be very damaging by using a persons trust to undermine his rights and security. In a workplace environment, this results in conflict and retaliation and less productivity. Conscience violation: My sales manager threatened to fire you unless I could sell 50 inferior quality but pricey products within the next mo. To keep your job, I had to violate my conscience and recommend that your customers buy the pricey inferior quality product. My boss was engaging in unethical behavior by forcing me to do something wrong, and also was risking the ire and potential loss of valuable customers to meet a product sales goal. Failed to Honor Commitments: My boss promised me an extra day off if I could rush out an important project by a certain date. But when the project was successful by that deadline and I wanted to realize the day off, my boss did not agree to give me that day off citing a lot of work still pending. 3. Philip Kotler argues that professional marketers â€Å"should have the same ambivalence as nuclear scientists who help build nuclear bombs. † Is that a valid argument? Why or why not? While I suppose this statement has some validity, it seems somehow exaggerated. I would say that they probably should feel some ambivalence, but not â€Å"the same ambivalence† as the people who make nuclear weapons. The validity of this statement rests on the idea that marketing is harmful to those who are exposed to it. This is true to some degree. First of all, marketing can cause people to waste money. It can cause them to buy things that they would not have wanted to buy if they had not been exposed to the marketing. It might cause them to buy things that they will not even actually use. Second, it can harm people by encouraging them to buy things that are actually bad for them. The classic example of this would be marketing for cigarettes. Of course, it is a major exaggeration to compare marketing and nuclear weapons. Marketing is not lethal in the same way that nuclear weapons are. It can also, at times, be beneficial and does not necessarily hurt anyone. Nuclear weapons cannot be used without killing people. Marketing can be used without doing people any harm at all even if it can at times do some degree of harm. 4. What are â€Å"Creative bookkeeping techniques†? Provide three examples. Creative accounting, also known as competitive book keeping, is the adjustment of economical statistics, usually within the law and bookkeeping requirements, but very much against their soul and certainly not offering the â€Å"true and fair† perspective of a company that records are expected to. A common aim of creative bookkeeping will be to fill revenue outcomes. Some organizations may also decrease revealed income in excellent years to sleek outcomes. Obligations and resources may also be controlled, either to stay within boundaries such as debt covenants, or to cover up problems. Typical creative bookkeeping techniques consist of off balance sheet funding, over-optimistic income recognition and the use of overstated non-recurring products. The phrase â€Å"window dressing† has identical significance when used to records, but is a wider phrase that can be used to other places. In the US it is often used to explain the adjustment of financial commitment collection efficiency statistics. In the perspective of records, â€Å"window dressing† is more likely than â€Å"creative accounting† to suggest unlawful or bogus methods, but it need to do so. The methods of creative bookkeeping modify eventually. As bookkeeping requirements modify, the methods that will work modify. Many changes in bookkeeping requirements are used to prevent particular methods of adjusting records, which indicates those purpose on creative bookkeeping need to find new methods of doing things. Simultaneously, other, well intentioned, changes in bookkeeping requirements start up new possibilities for creative bookkeeping (the use of reasonable value is an excellent example of this). Many (but not all) creative bookkeeping methods modify the main statistics proven in the fiscal reports, but make themselves obvious elsewhere, most often in the notices to the records. The market has been amazed before by bad information invisible in the notices, so a persistent strategy can give you a side. One of the most important aspects of creative accounting is Earnings management. It occurs when professionals use verdict in economical confirming and in constructing dealings to alter economical statements to either deceive some stakeholders about the actual economic performance of an organization or impact contract results that rely on revealed bookkeeping statistics. Earnings control usually includes the synthetic increase (or decrease) of earnings, profits, or income per share results through competitive bookkeeping techniques. Aggressive income control is a form of scams and varies from confirming mistake. Management wanting to show income at a certain level or following a certain design seek problems in economical confirming requirements that allow them to modify the statistics as far as is possible to achieve their preferred aim or to fulfill forecasts by economical experts. These improvements amount to bogus economical confirming when they fall outside the range of suitable bookkeeping practice. Individuals for such behavior include industry objectives, individual realization of an extra, and maintenance of position within a industry. In most cases conformance to suitable bookkeeping methods is a matter of individual reliability. Aggressive income control becomes more potential when an organization is affected by a recession in company. Earnings control is seen as a pushing issue in current bookkeeping exercise. Part of the difficulty can be found in the approved acknowledgement that there is no such thing as a single right income figure and that it is possible for genuine company methods to develop into undesirable economical confirming. It is relatively easy for an auditor to identify mistake, but income control can include innovative scams that is concealed. The requirement for control to claim that the accounts have been prepared properly offers no protection where those professionals have already joined into conscious deception and scams. Auditors need to tell apart scams from mistake by determining the use of objective. Would you leave your position within a company if you saw evidence of unethical business practices? Why or why not? What factors would you consider in making that decision? Yes I will leave my position within a company if I see evidence of unethical business practices being followed. I will follow the steps below while making that decision: 1. Determine whether the matter truly involves ethics. 2. Strive to discover all the available facts before proceeding. 3. Consult existing guidelines that might apply as a possible mechanism for resolution. 4. Pause to consider, as best as possible, all factors that might influence the decision you will make. 5. Consult with a trusted colleague. Because ethical decision-making involves a complicated process influenced by our own perceptions and values, we can usually benefit by seeking input from others. 6. Evaluate the rights, responsibilities, and vulnerability of all affected parties. These evaluations should include, if relevant, any involved institution and perhaps even the general public. 7. Generate alternative decisions. 8. Enumerate the consequences of making each decision 9. Make the decision. Implement the decision. 6. Explain the potential ethical challenges presented by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Accountants always make judgments about how to record business transactions. They often base their decisions on the financial objectives of the companies for which they work while using accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to steer their decisions. GAAP are not a fixed set of rules. They are guidelines or, more precisely, a group of objectives and conventions that have evolved over time to govern how financial statements are prepared and presented. And it’s this lack of a clearly laid out rule that presents the ethical challenged around GAPP. The most difficult ethical problems (frequency reported) are: Client requests to alter tax returns and commit tax fraud, conflict of interest and independence Client requests to alter financial statements, personal-professional problems, and fee problems. CPAs perceive that opportunities exist in the accounting profession to engage in unethical behavior When top management (partners) reprimands unethical behavior, the ethical problems perceived by CPAs seem to be reduced. Exercises: Complete the â€Å"Internet Exercise† on page 58 of Business Ethics Now. 1. Visit the U. S. government recall Web site www. recalls. gov, select a product recall event from the past three years, and answer the following questions: a. What information would you consider to be evidence of an ethical transgression in this product recall? b. Other than recalling the product, what other actions did the company take to address the situation? c. What steps would you suggest that the company should have taken to restore that reputation? d. Locate the Web sites for the American Marketing Association (AMA) and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). One has a â€Å"Professional Code of Conduct,† and the other has a â€Å"Statement of Ethics. † Does the terminology make a difference? Why or why not? e. Compare and contrast the components of each approach. f. Since the AMA offers certification as a â€Å"Professional Certified Marketer,† would the organization benefit from promoting a professional code of conduct like the AICPA? Why or why not? Child Safety Seat Recalls: On February 7, 2014, Graco Childrens Products, Inc. (Graco) informed NHTSA that it would be recalling model year 2009 through 2013 toddler and booster child restraints, models Cozy Cline, Comfort Sport, Classic Ride 50, My Ride 65, My Ride w/Safety Surround, My Ride 70, Size 4 Me 70, Smart Seat, Nautilus, Nautilus Elite, and Argos 70. On March 7, 2014, Graco informed NHTSA it would be including an additional 403,222 seats in this recall, including certain model year 2006 through 2014 Argos 70 Elite, Ready Ride, Step 2, My Ride 65 with Safety Surround, My Size 70, Head Wise 70 with Safety Surround, Nautilus 3-in-1, Nautilus Plus, and Smart Seat with Safety Surround. The defect involves difficulty in unlatching the harness buckle. In some cases, the buckle becomes stuck in a latched condition so that it cannot be opened by depressing the buckles release button. CONSEQUENCE: It may be difficult to remove the child from the restraint, increasing the risk of injury in the event of a vehicle crash, fire, or other emergency, in which a prompt exit from the vehicle is required. REMEDY: Graco is offering to replace the buckle with a new design, free of charge. Registered owners will be notified Beginning around early April 2014, and offered the free replacement buckle. All other owners may contact Graco at 1-800-345-4109 (toll-free) or 1-330-869-7225, or online at www. [emailprotected] com. a. A Child safety seat is intended to provide safety to the child. But the consequence of this recall says : : It may be difficult to remove the child from the restraint, increasing the risk of injury in the event of a vehicle crash, fire, or other emergency, in which a prompt exit from the vehicle is required. That is an ethical transgression. b. Graco is offering to replace the buckle with a new design, free of charge. Registered owners will be notified beginning around early April 2014, and offered the free replacement buckle. c. Other than recalling and replacing the existing faulty products, Graco should publicly demonstrate that they have put better process and controls in place to avoid similar defects in their products in the future. That would have helped them to restore their reputation. d. They do not have much of practical difference. The purpose of both of them is to enforce ethical professional practices form their members e. Code of conduct depicts the standard procedures to be followed to do a work within professional boundaries. Statement of ethics outlines the ethical behaviors related to a particular organization or profession. f. No. In marketing profession, ethical challenges are much more evident than a lack of standards. So statement of ethics makes more sense. Case Study: Review Issue 5 from Taking Sides: Clashing Views in Business Ethics and Society. Whi ch viewpoint do you side with? Why? Explain. Reference at least two outside resources that further support the viewpoint you side with. Issue 5: Can Ethics Codes Build â€Å"True† Corporate Ethics? I side with Yes, When it comes to corporate ethics, bad news is good news. According to the Ethics Resource Center’s 2009 National Business Ethics Survey, on-the-job misconduct is down, whistle-blowing is up, and ethical organizational cultures are stronger. Despite these trends, there may be no better time for human resource managers to conduct or participate in ethics-related audits. Setting the Tone: Legal developments in recent like Sarbanes-Oxley Act, with its emphasis on tone at the top and its requirement that publicly traded companies disclose whether they have a code of ethics to deter wrongdoing. The Federal Acquisition Regulation and the Federal Sentencing Guidelines also have a significant impact on organizations’ ethics policies and practices by requiring or providing incentives to encourage businesses of all kinds and sizes to adopt codes of conduct, train their employees on these codes, and create effective audit and reporting mechanisms. HR plays a crucial role in shaping corporate ethical codes, policies and procedures and then communicating and teaching that information to the workforce. In many companies, the top HR manager either serves as the de facto chief ethics and compliance officer or works with the person in that role to manage ethics and compliance programs. Apart from the chief executive officer, there may be no more important ethical role model in the organization than an HR manager. Employees watch HR and they should. HR managers, we essentially need to serve as the poster children for ethical behavior. HR managers who thrive as ethical role models almost always play central roles in conducting ethics-related audits, notes Marjorie Doyle, principal of ethics consulting firm Marjorie Doyle Associates in Landenberg, Pa. , and a member of the Advisory Board of Directors for the Society of Corporate Compliance and Ethics. As a former chief corporate ethics and compliance officer, I spent a lot of time with HR, she says. HR managers are trying to get people to do the right thing. They also tend to manage the annual performance review process and operate the communications network within the company, both of which are crucial to ethics audits, Doyle says. They have a feel for whether certain behaviors are as ethical as they need to be. Laying the Groundwork Ethics audits ensure that behaviors an organization espouses in its code of conduct and policies and procedures exist in practice and that behavior forbidden in these documents does not occur. The risk of neglecting ethics audits can be severe. After its ethics-related implosion, Enron became well-known for the fact that the framed values statements in conference rooms were at odds with employees’ behavior on trading floors. And, more-immediate problems potentially exist for companies that do not conduct ethics audits. The danger can spread to other stakeholders, including customers, suppliers and community members. If word gets out that you are not an ethical organization, you run the risk of losing business, Crane notes. Conducting an ethics audit requires a team effort as well as a clear definition of ethical behavior. While many larger companies staff a chief ethics and compliance officer position, that individual is not solely responsible for each employee’s behavior. For this reason, Conway, Ark. -based Nabholz Construction Co. has an ethics committee consisting of top legal, finance, HR and operational executives. We want to have diverse skills on the committee and to make sure all of our geographies are represented, says Andrea Woods, SPHR, vice president and corporate counsel for the private company with about 850? Employees. Nabholz Construction’s ethics committee takes responsibility for monitoring and investigating ethics hotline calls and e-mails. The hotline system is managed by a third-party provider, an arrangement that Woods says strengthens objectivity and independence. The committee conducts ethics audits as part of an annual internal audit process. In addition, a divisional controller, an HR employee and Woods conduct spot ethics audits on the recommendation of the committee. The frequency Woods describes—annual audits on all ethics-related areas and spot ethics audits on an as-needed basis in response to risk assessments—jibes with what ethics consultants recommend. Depending on company size and auditing resources, Crane notes, some companies may audit their entire ethics programs only once every two years. However, the occurrence of a major organizational realignment may necessitate more frequent ethics audits in its wake. Whether or not corporate leaders seek outside help on ethics audits depends on the nature and magnitude of the issues. If the issue involves something very important to the company, it helps to get an outside perspective and the impartial judgment that a third party provides, Crane says. If the company conducts the audit internally and outside stakeholders are paying close attention to the issue, it can be more difficult to say, ‘Yes, we audited our ethics internally and everything is just fine. That may be received as a matter of the fox guarding the henhouse. Making It Tangible Regardless of whether ethics audits are woven into internal audit processes, performed internally in response to changing risk profiles or conducted by an external auditor, the question is What are you auditing against? says Mark Snyderman, senior knowledge leader at LRN, a company that helps businesses develop ethical corporate cultures. The answer requires a distinction between two disciplines frequently lumped together in corporate America: ethics and compliance. Ethics refers to the amorphous area of behavior. Compliance refers to adherence to legal regulations. A company may be fully compliant yet still engage in unethical practices. While that may seem like a clear distinction on paper, it becomes muddled in a global business environment. Compliance audits compare internal behaviors to external regulations. Ethics audits compare internal behaviors to internal guidelines on behavior—guidelines that exist in corporate codes of conduct and ethics-related policies and procedures. Of course, some compliance problems may stem from ethical lapses; others may arise from process or operational bugs. That’s why many business leaders conduct ethical audits in tandem with financial or operational audits. The code should be translated into specific guidance within policies and procedures. You don’t need to start out with the 10 commandments and 500 related rules, but you do need to have something specific to audit against, Doyle says. For example, what does an ethical violation related to bribery or conflict of interest look like? Be very descriptive in your policies and procedures about what these things mean, she recommends. Also, have managers and employees establish performance goals related to ethics and compliance so employees can be evaluated against those objectives. Doyle says greater specificity in ethics-related policies and procedures paves the way for ethics-related performance objectives and metrics. These metrics help enable more-tangible ethics audits.

Battle of the Monongahela in the French and Indian War

Battle of the Monongahela in the French and Indian War The Battle of Monongahela was fought on July 9, 1755, during the French and Indian War (1754-1763) and represented a failed attempt by the British to capture the French post at Fort Duquesne. Leading a slow advance north from Virginia, General Edward Braddock encountered a mixed French and Native American force near his objective. In the resulting engagement, his men struggled with the forest landscape and he fell mortally wounded. After Braddock was hit, the British ranks collapsed and the looming defeat turned into a rout. Fort Duquesne would remain in French hands for four more years. Assembling an Army In the wake of Lieutenant Colonel George Washingtons defeat at Fort Necessity in 1754, the British decided to mount a larger expedition against Fort Duquesne (present-day Pittsburgh, PA) the following year. Led by Braddock, the commander-in-chief of British forces in North America, the operation was to be one of many against French forts on the frontier. Though the most direct route to Fort Duquesne was through Pennsylvania, Lieutenant Governor Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia successfully lobbied to have the expedition depart from his colony. Though Virginia lacked the resources to support the campaign, Dinwiddie desired the military road that would be built by Braddock to pass through his colony as it would benefit his business interests. Arriving at Alexandria, VA in early 1755, Braddock began assembling his army which was centered on the under-strength 44th and 48th Regiments of Foot. Selecting Fort Cumberland, MD as his departure point, Braddocks expedition was beset with administrative issues from the outset. Hampered by a lack of wagons and horses, Braddock required the timely intervention of Benjamin Franklin to supply sufficient numbers of both. Braddocks Expedition After some delay, Braddocks army, numbering around 2,400 regulars and militia, departed Fort Cumberland on May 29. Among those in the column was Washington who had been appointed as an aide-de-camp to Braddock. Following the trail blazed by Washington the year before, the army moved slowly as it needed to widen the road to accommodate the wagons and artillery. After moving around twenty miles and clearing the eastern branch of the Youghiogheny River, Braddock, on Washingtons advice, split the army in two. While Colonel Thomas Dunbar advanced with the wagons, Braddock rushed ahead with around 1,300 men. The First of the Problems Though his flying column was not encumbered with the wagon train, it still moved slowly. As a result, it became plagued by supply and disease problems as it crawled along. As his men moved north, they met light resistance from Native Americans allied with the French. Braddocks defensive arrangements were sound and few men were lost in these engagements. Nearing Fort Duquesne, Braddocks column was required to cross the Monongahela River, march two miles along the east bank, and then re-ford at Fraziers Cabin. Braddock expected both crossing to be contested, and was surprised when no enemy troops appeared. Fording the river at Fraziers Cabin on July 9, Braddock re-formed the army for the final seven-mile push to the fort. Alerted to the British approach, the French planned to ambush Braddocks column as they knew the fort could not withstand the British artillery. Leading a force of around 900 men, most of which were Native American warriors, Captain Lià ©nard de Beaujeu was delayed in departing. As a result, they encountered the British advance guard, led by Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Gage, before they could set the ambush. Armies Commanders British Major General Edward Braddock1,300 men French Indians Captain Lià ©nard de BeaujeuCaptain Jean-Daniel Dumas891 men The Battle of  Monongahela Opening fire on the approaching French and Native Americans, Gages men killed de Beaujeu in their opening volleys. Attempting to make a stand with his three companies, Gage was soon outflanked as Captain Jean-Daniel Dumas rallied de Beaujeus men and pushed them through the trees. Under heavy pressure and taking casualties, Gage ordered his men to fall back on Braddocks men. Retreating down the trail, they collided with the advancing column and confusion began to reign. Unused to forest fighting, the British attempted to form their lines while the French and Native Americans fired on them from behind cover (Map). As smoke filled the woods, British regulars accidentally fired on friendly militia believing them to be the enemy. Flying around the battlefield, Braddock was able to stiffen his lines as makeshift units began to offer resistance. Believing that his mens superior discipline would carry the day, Braddock continued the fight. After about three hours, Braddock was hit in the chest by bullet. Falling from his horse, he was carried to the rear. With their commander down, British resistance collapsed and they began falling back towards the river. Defeat Becomes a Rout As the British retreated, the Native Americans surged forward. Wielding tomahawks and knives, they caused a panic in the British ranks which turned the retreat into a rout. Gathering what men he could, Washington formed a rear guard which allowed many of the survivors to escape. Re-crossing the river, the beaten British were not pursued as the Native Americans set about looting and scalping the fallen. Aftermath The Battle of the Monongahela cost the British 456 killed and 422 wounded. French and Native American casualties are not known with precision but are speculated to have been around 30 killed and wounded. The survivors of the battle retreated back down the road until reuniting with Dunbars advancing column. On July 13, as the British camped near Great Meadows, not far from the site of Fort Necessity, Braddock succumbed to his wound. Braddock was buried the next day in the middle of the road. The army then marched over the grave to eliminate any trace of it in order to prevent the generals body being recovered by the enemy. Not believing that he could continue the expedition, Dunbar elected to withdraw towards Philadelphia. Fort Duquesne would finally be taken by British forces in 1758, when an expedition led by General John Forbes reached the area. In addition to Washington, the Battle of the Monongahela featured several prominent officers who would later serve in the American Revolution (1775-1783) including Horatio Gates, Charles Lee, and Daniel Morgan.